PART 31—EMPLOYMENT TAXES AND COLLECTION OF INCOME TAX AT SOURCE
Paragraph 1. The authority citation for part 31 continues to read,
in part, as follows:
Authority: 26 U.S.C. 7805 * * *
Par. 2. Section 31.3102-1 is amended by:
1. Revising paragraph (b).
2. Redesignating paragraph (c) as paragraph (d).
3. Adding new paragraphs (c) and (e).
The additions and revision read as follows:
§31.3102-1 Collection of, and liability for, employee
tax; in general.
* * * * *
(b) The employer is permitted, but not required, to deduct amounts
equivalent to employee tax from payments to an employee of cash remuneration
to which the sections referred to in this paragraph (b) are applicable prior
to the time that the sum of such payments equals—
(1) $100 in the calendar year, for service not in the course of the
employer’s trade or business, to which §31.3121(a)(7)-1 is applicable;
(2) The applicable dollar threshold (as defined in section 3121(x))
in the calendar year, for domestic service in a private home of the employer,
to which §31.3121(a)(7)-1 is applicable;
(3) $150 in the calendar year, for agricultural labor, to which §31.3121(a)(8)-1(c)(1)(i)
is applicable; or
(4) $100 in the calendar year, for service performed as a home worker,
to which §31.3121(a)(10)-1 is applicable.
(c) At such time as the sum of the cash payments in the calendar year
for a type of service referred to in paragraph (b)(1), (b)(2), (b)(3) or (b)(4)
of this section equals or exceeds the amount specified, the employer is required
to collect from the employee any amount of employee tax not previously deducted.
If an employer pays cash remuneration to an employee for two or more of the
types of service referred to in paragraph (b)(1), (b)(2), (b)(3) or (b)(4)
of this section, the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section and this
paragraph (c) are to be applied separately to the amount of remuneration attributable
to each type of service. For provisions relating to the repayment to an employee,
or other disposition, of amounts deducted from an employee’s remuneration
in excess of the correct amount of employee tax, see §31.6413(a)-1.
* * * * *
(e)(1) The provisions of paragraphs (a) and (d) of this section apply
to any payment made on or after January 1, 1955.
(2) The provisions of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section that apply
to any payment made for service not in the course of the employer’s
trade or business or for service performed as a home worker within the meaning
of section 3121(d)(3)(C) apply to any such payment made on or after January
1, 1978. The provisions of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section that apply
to any payment made for domestic service in a private home of the employer
apply to any such payment made on or after January 1, 1994. The provisions
of paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section that apply to any payment made for
agricultural labor apply to any such payment made on or after January 1, 1988.
For rules applicable to any payment for these services made prior to the
dates set forth in this paragraph (e)(2), see §31.3102-1 in effect at
such time (see 26 CFR part 31 contained in the edition of 26 CFR parts 30
to 39, revised as of April 1, 2006).
Par. 3. Section 31.3121(a)-2 is amended by:
1. Revising paragraph (c)(1).
2. Redesignating paragraphs (c)(2) and (c)(3) as paragraphs (c)(3)
and (c)(4), respectively.
3. Adding new paragraph (c)(2).
4. Revising newly designated paragraph (c)(3).
5. Adding paragraph (d).
The additions and revisions read as follows:
§31.3121(a)-2 Wages; when paid and received.
* * * * *
(c)(1) The first $100 of cash remuneration paid, either actually or
constructively, by an employer in any calendar year to an employee for—
(i) Service not in the course of the employer’s trade or business,
to which §31.3121(a)(7)-1 is applicable, shall be deemed to be paid by
the employer to the employee at the first moment of time in such calendar
year that the sum of such cash payments made within such year is at least
$100; or
(ii) Service performed as a home worker within the meaning of section
3121(d)(3)(C), to which §31.3121(a)(10)-1 is applicable, shall be deemed
to be paid by the employer to the employee at the first moment of time in
such calendar year that the sum of such cash payments made within such year
is at least $100.
(2) Cash remuneration paid, either actually or constructively, by an
employer in any calendar year to an employee for domestic service in a private
home of the employer to which §31.3121(a)(7)-1 is applicable, and before
the sum of the payments of such cash remuneration equals or exceeds the applicable
dollar threshold (as defined in section 3121(x)) for such year, shall be deemed
to be paid by the employer to the employee at the first moment of time in
such calendar year that the sum of such cash payments made within such year
equals or exceeds the applicable dollar threshold (as defined in section 3121(x))
for such year.
(3) Cash remuneration paid, either actually or constructively, by an
employer in any calendar year to an employee for agricultural labor to which
§31.3121(a)(8)-1 is applicable, and before either of the events described
in paragraphs (c)(3)(i) and (c)(3)(ii) of this section has occurred, shall
be deemed to be paid by the employer to the employee at the first moment of
time in such calendar year that—
(i) The sum of the payments of such remuneration is $150 or more; or
(ii) The employer’s expenditures for agricultural labor in such
calendar year equals or exceeds $2,500, except that this paragraph (c)(3)(ii)
shall not apply in determining when such remuneration is deemed to be paid
under this paragraph if such employee—
(A) Is employed as a hand-harvest laborer and is paid on a piece rate
basis in an operation which has been, and is customarily and generally recognized
as having been, paid on a piece rate basis in the region of employment;
(B) Commutes daily from his permanent residence to the farm on which
he is so employed; and
(C) Has been employed in agriculture less than 13 weeks during the preceding
calendar year.
* * * * *
(d)(1) The provisions of paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section apply
to any payment of wages made on or after January 1, 1955.
(2) The provisions of paragraph (c) of this section that apply to any
payment of wages made for service not in the course of the employer’s
trade or business or for service performed as a home worker within the meaning
of section 3121(d)(3)(C) apply to any such payment made on or after January
1, 1978. The provisions of paragraph (c) of this section that apply to any
payment of wages made for domestic service in a private home of the employer
apply to any such payment made on or after January 1, 1994. The provisions
of paragraph (c) of this section that apply to any payment of wages made for
agricultural labor apply to any such payment made on or after January 1, 1988.
For rules applicable to any payment of wages for these services made prior
to the dates set forth in this paragraph (d)(2), see §31.3121(a)-2 in
effect at such time (see 26 CFR part 31 contained in the edition of 26 CFR
parts 30 to 39, revised as of April 1, 2006).
Par. 4. Section 31.3121(a)(7)-1 is amended by:
1. Revising paragraphs (c)(1) and (c)(2).
2. Adding paragraphs (c)(3), (d) and (e).
The additions and revisions read as follows:
§31.3121(a)(7)-1 Payments for services not in the course
of employer’s trade or business or for domestic service.
* * * * *
(c) Cash payments. (1) The term wages does
not include cash remuneration paid by an employer in any calendar year to
an employee for—
(i) Domestic service in a private home of the employer, unless the cash
remuneration paid in such year by the employer to the employee for such service
equals or exceeds the applicable dollar threshold (as defined in section 3121(x))
for such year; or
(ii) Service not in the course of the employer’s trade or business,
unless the cash remuneration paid in such year by the employer to the employee
for such service equals or exceeds $100.
(2) The tests relating to cash remuneration are based on the remuneration
paid in a calendar year rather than on the remuneration earned during a calendar
year. The following example illustrates this provision:
Example. On March 31, 2004, employer X pays employee
A cash remuneration of $100 for service not in the course of X’s trade
or business. Such remuneration constitutes wages subject to the taxes even
though $10 thereof represents payment for such service performed by A for
X in December 2003.
(3) In determining whether wages have been paid either for domestic
service in a private home of the employer or for service not in the course
of the employer’s trade or business, only cash remuneration for such
service shall be taken into account. Cash remuneration includes checks and
other monetary media of exchange. Remuneration paid in any other medium,
such as lodging, food, clothing, car tokens, transportation passes or tickets,
or other goods or commodities, is disregarded in determining whether the cash-remuneration
test is met. If an employee receives cash remuneration from an employer in
a calendar year for both types of services the pertinent cash-remuneration
test is to be applied separately to each type of service. If an employee
receives cash remuneration from more than one employer in a calendar year
for domestic service in a private home of the employer or for service not
in the course of the employer’s trade or business, the pertinent cash-remuneration
test is to be applied separately to the remuneration received from each employer.
(d) Cross references. (1) For provisions relating
to deduction of employee tax or amounts equivalent to the tax from cash payments
for the services described in this section, see §31.3102-1;
(2) For provisions relating to time of payment of wages for such services,
see §31.3121(a)-2;
(3) For provisions relating to computations to the nearest dollar of
any payment of cash remuneration for domestic service in a private home of
the employer, see §31.3121(i)-1.
(e) Effective dates. (1) The provisions of this
section apply to any cash payment for service not in the course of the employer’s
trade or business made on or after January 1, 1978 and for domestic service
in a private home of the employer made on or after January 1, 1994.
(2) For rules applicable to any cash payment made prior to the dates
set forth in paragraph (e)(1), see §31.3121(a)(7)-1 in effect at such
time (see 26 CFR part 31 contained in the edition of 26 CFR parts 30 to 39,
revised as of April 1, 2006).
Par. 5. Section 31.3121(a)(8)-1 is amended by:
1. Revising paragraphs (c), (d), and (e).
2. Adding paragraph (h).
The addition and revisions read as follows:
§31.3121(a)(8)-1 Payments for agricultural labor.
* * * * *
(c) Cash payments. (1) The term wages does
not include cash remuneration paid by an employer in any calendar year to
an employee for agricultural labor unless—
(i) The cash remuneration paid in such year by the employer to the employee
for such labor is $150 or more; or
(ii) The employer’s expenditures for agricultural labor in such
year equal or exceed $2,500, except that this paragraph (c)(1)(ii) shall not
apply in determining whether remuneration paid to an employee constitutes
wages for agricultural labor if such employee—
(A) Is employed as a hand-harvest laborer and is paid on a piece rate
basis in an operation which has been, and is customarily and generally recognized
as having been, paid on a piece rate basis in the region of employment;
(B) Commutes daily from his permanent residence to the farm on which
he is so employed; and
(C) Has been employed in agriculture less than 13 weeks during the preceding
calendar year.
(2) The application of the provisions of paragraph (c)(1) of this section
may be illustrated by the following example:
Example. Employer X pays A $140 in cash for agricultural
labor in calendar year 2004. X makes no other payments to A during the year
and makes no other payment for agricultural labor to any other employee.
Employee A is not employed as a hand-harvest laborer. Neither the $150-cash-remuneration
test nor the $2,500-employer’s-expenditures-for-agricultural-labor test
is met. Accordingly, the remuneration paid by X to A is not subject to the
taxes. If in 2004 X had paid A $140 in cash for agricultural labor and had
made expenditures of $2,360 or more to other employees for agricultural labor,
the $140 paid by X to A would have been subject to tax because the $2,500-employer’s-expenditures-for-agricultural-labor
test would have been met. Or, if X had paid A $150 in cash in 2004 and made
no other payments to any other employee for agricultural labor, the $150 paid
by X to A would have been subject to tax because the $150-cash-remuneration
test would have been met.
(d) Application of cash-remuneration test. (1)
If an employee receives cash remuneration from an employer both for services
which constitute agricultural labor and for services which do not constitute
agricultural labor, only the amount of such remuneration which is attributable
to agricultural labor shall be included in determining whether cash remuneration
of $150 or more has been paid in the calendar year by the employer to the
employee for agricultural labor. The following example illustrates this paragraph
(d)(1):
Example. Employer X operates a store and also
is engaged in farming operations. Employee A, who regularly performs services
for X in connection with the operation of the store, works on X’s farm
when additional help is required for the farm activities. In the calendar
year 2004, X pays A $140 in cash for services performed in agricultural labor,
and $4,000 for services performed in connection with the operation of the
store. X has no additional expenditures for agricultural labor in 2004.
Since the cash remuneration paid by X to A in the calendar year 2004 for agricultural
labor is less than $150, the $150-cash-remuneration test is not met. The
$140 paid by X to A in 2004 for agricultural labor does not constitute wages
and is not subject to the taxes.
(2) The test relating to cash remuneration of $150 or more is based
on the cash remuneration paid in a calendar year rather than on the remuneration
earned during a calendar year. It is immaterial if such cash remuneration
is paid in a calendar year other than the year in which the agricultural labor
is performed. The following example illustrates this paragraph (d)(2):
Example. Employer X pays cash remuneration of
$150 in the calendar year 2004 to employee A for agricultural labor. Such
remuneration constitutes wages even though $10 of such amount represents payment
for agricultural labor performed by A for X in December 2003.
(3) In determining whether $150 or more has been paid to an employee
for agricultural labor, only cash remuneration for such labor shall be taken
into account. If an employee receives cash remuneration in any one calendar
year from more than one employer for agricultural labor, the cash-remuneration
test is to be applied with respect to the remuneration received by the employee
from each employer in such calendar year for such labor.
(e) Application of employer’s-expenditures-for-agricultural-labor
test. (1) If an employer has expenditures in a calendar year
for agricultural labor and for non-agricultural labor, only the amount of
such expenditures for agricultural labor shall be included in determining
whether the employer’s expenditures for agricultural labor in such year
equal or exceed $2,500. The following example illustrates this paragraph
(e)(1):
Example. Employer X operates a store and also
is engaged in farming operations. Employee A, who regularly performs services
for X in connection with the operation of the store, works on X’s farm
when additional help is required for the farm activities. In calendar year
2004, X pays A $140 in cash for services performed in agricultural labor,
and $4,000 for services performed in connection with the operation of the
store. X has no additional expenditures for agricultural labor in 2004.
Since X’s expenditures for agricultural labor in 2004 are less than
$2,500, the employer’s-expenditures-for-agricultural-labor test is not
met. The $140 paid by X to A in 2004 for agricultural labor does not constitute
wages and is not subject to the taxes.
(2) The test relating to an employer’s expenditures of $2,500
or more for agricultural labor is based on the expenditures paid by the employer
in a calendar year rather than on the expenses incurred by the employer during
a calendar year. It is immaterial if the expenditures are paid in a calendar
year other than the year in which the agricultural labor is performed. The
following example illustrates this paragraph (e)(2):
Example. Employer X employs A to construct fences
on a farm owned by X. The work constitutes agricultural labor and is performed
over the course of November and December 2003. A is not employed by X at
any other time, however X does have other employees to whom X pays remuneration
of $2,000 for agricultural labor in 2003. X pays A $140 in cash in November
2003 and $140 in cash in January 2004, in full payment for the work. The $140
payment to A made in November is not wages for calendar year 2003 because
the $150-cash-remuneration test is not met and X’s total expenditures
for agricultural labor for such year are not equal to or in excess of $2,500.
The $140 payment to A made in January is not wages for 2004 because the $150-cash-remuneration
test is not met. However, if X pays additional remuneration to employees
for agricultural labor in 2004 that equals or exceeds $2,360, the employer’s-expenditures-for-agricultural-labor
test will be met and the $140 paid by X to A in 2004 will be considered wages.
It is immaterial that the work was performed in 2003.
* * * * *
(h) Effective dates. The provisions of this section
apply to any payment for agricultural labor made on or after January 1, 1988.
For rules applicable to any payment for agricultural labor made prior to
January 1, 1988, see §31.3121(a)(8)-1 in effect at such time (see 26
CFR part 31 contained in the edition of 26 CFR parts 30 to 39, revised as
of April 1, 2006).
Par. 6. Section 31.3121(a)(10)-1 is revised to read as follows:
§31.3121(a)(10)-1 Payments to certain home workers.
(a) The term wages does not include remuneration
paid by an employer in any calendar year to an employee for service performed
as a home worker who is an employee by reason of the provisions of section
3121(d)(3)(C) (see §31.3121(d)-1(d)), unless the cash remuneration paid
in such calendar year by the employer to the employee for such services is
$100 or more. The test relating to cash remuneration of $100 or more is based
on remuneration paid in a calendar year rather than on remuneration earned
during a calendar year. If cash remuneration of $100 or more is paid in a
particular calendar year, it is immaterial whether such remuneration is in
payment for services performed during the year of payment or during any other
year.
(b) The application of paragraph (a) of this section may be illustrated
by the following example:
Example. A, a home worker, performs services for
X, a manufacturer, in 2003 and 2004. In the performance of the home work
A is an employee by reason of section 3121(d)(3)(C). In March 2004, A returns
to X articles made by A at home from materials received by A from X in 2003.
X pays A cash remuneration of $100 for such work when the finished articles
are delivered. The $100 includes $10 which represents remuneration for home
work performed by A in 2003. The entire $100 is subject to the taxes. Any
additional cash remuneration paid by X to A in 2004 for such services is also
subject to the taxes.
(c) In the event an employee receives remuneration in any one calendar
year from more than one employer for services performed as a home worker of
the character described in paragraph (a) of this section, the regulations
in this section are to be applied with respect to the remuneration received
by the employee from each employer in such calendar year for such services.
This exclusion from wages has no application to remuneration paid for services
performed as a home worker who is an employee under section 3121(d)(2) (see
§31.3121(d)-1(c)) relating to common law employees.
(d) Cash remuneration includes checks and other monetary media of exchange.
Remuneration paid in any other medium, such as clothing, car tokens, transportation
passes or tickets, or other goods or commodities, is disregarded in determining
whether the $100 cash-remuneration test is met. If the cash remuneration
paid in any calendar year by an employer to an employee for services performed
as a home worker of the character described in paragraph (a) of this section
is $100 or more, then no remuneration, whether in cash or in any medium other
than cash, paid by the employer to the employee in such calendar year for
such services is excluded from wages under this exception.
(e)(1) For provisions relating to deductions of employee tax or amounts
equivalent to the tax from cash payments for services performed as a home
worker within the meaning of section 3121(d)(3)(C), see §31.3102-1.
(2) For provisions relating to the time of payment of wages for services
performed as a home worker within the meaning of section 3121(d)(3)(C), see
§31.3121(a)-2.
(3) For provisions relating to records to be kept with respect to payment
of wages for services performed as a home worker within the meaning of section
3121(d)(3)(C), see §31.6001-2.
(f) The provisions of this section apply to any payment for services
performed as a home worker within the meaning of section 3121(d)(3)(C) made
on or after January 1, 1978. For rules applicable to any payment for services
performed as a home worker within the meaning of section 3121(d)(3)(C) made
prior to January 1, 1978, see §31.3121(a)(10)-1 in effect at such time
(see 26 CFR part 31 contained in the edition of 26 CFR parts 30 to 39, revised
as of April 1, 2006).
Par. 7. Section 31.3121(i)-1 is amended as follows:
1. Redesignating the undesignated text as paragraph (a).
2. Remove the language “quarter” each place it appears and
add “year” in its place in newly designated paragraph (a).
3. Adding new paragraph (b).
The addition reads as follows:
§31.3121(i)-1 Computation to nearest dollar of cash
remuneration for domestic service.
* * * * *
(b) The provisions of this section apply to any cash payment for domestic
service in a private home of the employer made on or after January 1, 1994.
For rules applicable to any cash payment for domestic service in a private
home of the employer made prior to January 1, 1994, see §31.3121(i)-1
in effect at such time (see 26 CFR part 31 contained in the edition of 26
CFR parts 30 to 39, revised as of April 1, 2006).
Mark E. Matthews,
Deputy
Commissioner for
Services and Enforcement.
Approved June 8, 2006.
Eric Solomon,
Acting
Deputy Assistant
Secretary of the Treasury.
Note
(Filed by the Office of the Federal Register on June 16, 2006, 8:45
a.m., and published in the issue of the Federal Register for June 19, 2006,
71 F.R. 35153)
